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Spanish Irregular Verb Patterns |
Here are 40-odd Spanish verbs which cover a wide range of regular and irregular conjugation patterns. It was interesting to see how the -ar verbs are the most regular, the -er verbs the most irregular in their stems and the -ir verbs the only ones with vowel raising.
It's useful for me to group them together like this.
Spanish Irregular Verb PatternsFirsty, here is the key:
| = | present subjunctive stem changes |
| < | preterite and subjunctive stems change |
| > | future and conditional stems change |
| ~ | imperfect stem changes |
| g | -g- insertion |
| / | diphthongization |
| ^ | -ir vowel raising |
| " | harmonic changes |
And the categorized verbs (no tags indicates a perfectly regular verb):
| -ar verbs | = | < | > | ~ | g | / | ^ | “ |
| hablar | ||||||||
| necesitar | ||||||||
| usar | ||||||||
| mirar | ||||||||
| estudiar | ||||||||
| llevar | ||||||||
| amar | ||||||||
| pensar | / | |||||||
| encontrar | / | |||||||
| llegar | “ | |||||||
| dar | < | |||||||
| estar | < | |||||||
| -er verbs | ||||||||
| deber | ||||||||
| comer | ||||||||
| conocer | “ | |||||||
| parecer | “ | |||||||
| querer | < | > | / | |||||
| poder | < | > | / | |||||
| poner | < | > | g | |||||
| hacer | < | > | g | |||||
| tener | < | > | g | / | ||||
| haber | = | < | > | |||||
| saber | = | < | > | |||||
| ser | = | < | ~ | |||||
| -ir verbs | ||||||||
| vivir | ||||||||
| abrir | ||||||||
| existir | ||||||||
| escribir | ||||||||
| partir | ||||||||
| cumplir | ||||||||
| vestir | ^ | |||||||
| pedir | ^ | |||||||
| seguir | ^ | “ | ||||||
| sentir | / | ^ | ||||||
| preferir | / | ^ | ||||||
| oír | g | “ | ||||||
| decir | < | > | g | ^ | ||||
| venir | < | > | g | / | ||||
| salir | > | g | ||||||
| ir | = | < | > | ~ |
About Roger Keays
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