Korean is a language isolate.
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||
Plosive | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | d | k kʰ | g | ||||||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |||||||||
Approximant | j | |||||||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
[k], [p], [t], [s] also have tensed variations.
w | Voiced labialized velar approximant |
tʃ tʃʰ | Voiceless postalveolar affricate |
dʒ | Voiced postalveolar affricate |
[tʃ] also has a tensed variation.
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
Front | n-front | Central | n-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i • | ɯ • u | |||
Near Close | |||||
Close mid | • o | ||||
Mid | |||||
Open mid | ɛ • | ||||
Near open | |||||
Open | a • | • ɒ |
All vowels in Korean can be long or short.
Simple vowels combine with [j] or [w] to form the dipthongs [ja], [jɒ], [jo], [ju]. [jɛ], [wa], [wɒ], [wi], and [wɛ]. Also, [ɯi].
Sentential tone only.
The Hangul alphabet has 40 jamo which are arranged into syllables. There are 20 basic consonants and 21 vowels.
ㄱ | ㅋ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㅌ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅍ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅎ | ㅈ | ㅊ |
ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅥ | ||||||||
ㅏ | ㅓ | ㅗ | ㅜ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅔ | ||||||
ㅑ | ㅕ | ㅛ | ㅠ | ㅒ | ㅖ | ||||||||
ㅘ | ㅝ | ㅚ | ㅟ | ㅢ | ㅙ | ㅞ |
None.
Pulmonic Consonants | ||
---|---|---|
IPA | Spellings | Examples |
m | ㅁ | |
n | ㄴ | |
ŋ | ㅇ | |
p | ㅂ | |
p' | ㅍ | |
b | ㅂ | |
t | ㄷ | |
t' | ㅌ | |
d | ㄷ | |
k | ㄱ | |
k' | ㅋ | |
g | ㄱ | |
s | ㅅ | |
ʃ | ㅅ | |
h | ㅎ | |
r | ㄹ | |
l | ㄹ | |
Co-articulated Consonants | ||
tʃ | ㅈ | |
tʃ' | ㅊ | |
dʒ | ㅈ | |
Simple Vowels | ||
a | ㅏ | |
ɛ | ㅐ, ㅔ | |
i | ㅣ | |
ɒ | ㅓ | |
o | ㅗ | |
ɯ | ㅡ | |
u | ㅜ | |
Diphthongs | ||
ja | ㅑ | |
jɒ | ㅕ | |
jo | ㅛ | |
ju | ㅠ | |
jɛ | ㅒ, ㅖ | |
wa | ㅘ | |
wɒ | ㅝ | |
wi | ㅟ | |
wɛ | ㅚ, ㅙ, ㅞ | |
ɯi | ㅢ |
안녕하세요 | |
감사합니다 | |
Korean Grammar
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